开放知识平台包含个人人口统计信息的伦理考量

Nerissa Lindsey, Greta Kuriger Suiter, Kurt Hanselman
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引用次数: 1

摘要

近年来,画廊、图书馆、档案馆和博物馆(GLAMs)一直在寻求利用维基数据等开放知识平台,以突出或提高传统边缘化群体及其工作、藏品或贡献的可见度。像“艺术+女权主义”、“地方编辑马拉松”,以及最近由GLAM机构主导的项目,都将开放知识倡议推广给了更广泛的参与者。其中一个开放知识项目是合作编目计划(PCC)维基数据试点,它汇集了70多个GLAM组织,为与其机构、馆藏或档案相关的个人提供链接的开放数据。然而,这些项目引发了伦理方面的担忧,包括在公开的关于活着的人的知识库条目中包含潜在敏感的个人人口统计信息,如性别认同、性取向、种族和民族。因此,GLAM机构处于平衡开放获取与道德编目的位置,这应该包括坚持个人的个人偏好,其数据被共享。图书馆和档案馆的工作人员越来越多地将精力集中在其描述实践中的多样性、公平性和包容性问题上,包括修复遗留数据和解决有偏见的语言。将这项工作转移到更公共的领域,并扩大其数量,会给所描述的个人带来潜在的风险。虽然在开放的知识库中增加关于活人的人口统计信息有可能增强、突出和庆祝多样性,但它也可能被用来通过监视和目标活动损害主体。在本文中,我们试图调查元数据和开放知识在解决或不解决陈述不足和错误问题方面的角色变化,特别是当它们与维基数据中性别或性别属性中描述的性别认同有关时。我们报告了一项调查的结果,该调查调查了参与开放知识项目的组织如何解决伦理问题,包括将个人人口统计信息作为其项目的一部分,包括他们实施的政策,如果有的话,以及这些活动对所描述的活着的人可能有什么影响。
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Ethical Considerations of Including Personal Demographic Information in Open Knowledge Platforms
In recent years, galleries, libraries, archives, and museums (GLAMs) have sought to leverage open knowledge platforms such as Wikidata to highlight or provide more visibility for traditionally marginalized groups and their work, collections, or contributions. Efforts like Art + Feminism, local edit-a-thons, and, more recently, GLAM institution-led projects have promoted open knowledge initiatives to a broader audience of participants. One such open knowledge project, the Program for Cooperative Cataloging (PCC) Wikidata Pilot, has brought together over seventy GLAM organizations to contribute linked open data for individuals associated with their institutions, collections, or archives. However, these projects have brought up ethical concerns around including potentially sensitive personal demographic information, such as gender identity, sexual orientation, race, and ethnicity, in entries in an open knowledge base about living persons. GLAM institutions are thus in a position of balancing open access with ethical cataloging, which should include adhering to the personal preferences of the individuals whose data is being shared. People working in libraries and archives have been increasingly focusing their energies on issues of diversity, equity, and inclusion in their descriptive practices, including remediating legacy data and addressing biased language. Moving this work into a more public sphere and scaling up in volume creates potential risks to the individuals being described. While adding demographic information on living people to open knowledge bases has the potential to enhance, highlight, and celebrate diversity, it could also potentially be used to the detriment of the subjects through surveillance and targeting activities. In this article we seek to investigate the changing role of metadata and open knowledge in addressing, or not addressing, issues of under- and misrepresentation, especially as they pertain to gender identity as described in the sex or gender property in Wikidata. We report findings from a survey investigating how organizations participating in open knowledge projects are addressing ethical concerns around including personal demographic information as part of their projects, including what, if any, policies they have implemented and what implications these activities may have for the living people being described.
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