Diagnostic uncertainty in musculoskeletal pain: Implications for physiotherapy education

Background: Diagnostic uncertainty in musculoskeletal pain presents as a frequent and challenging dilemma encountered by physiotherapists. Current literature indicates that diagnostic uncertainty impacts the clinical decision making of experienced and new graduate physiotherapists, highlighting a need for training and support in this space. Aim: This paper outlines considerations for diagnostic uncertainty in the management of musculoskeletal pain. It outlines five key strategies to help student and novice physiotherapists experiencing and navigating diagnostic uncertainty when managing individuals with musculoskeletal pain. These strategies include looking critically at diagnostic certainty; recognising and normalising uncertainty; utilising direct practice and authentic experiences, and Balint groups as a strategy for sharing. Conclusion: New graduate physiotherapists frequently experience diagnostic uncertainty in the management of musculoskeletal pain. There is a need to focus on acknowledging and managing diagnostic uncertainty in physiotherapy education and workplace support to address the ethical and emotional reactions associated with uncertainty. Physiotherapy educators and professionals can lead by example, acknowledging and sharing uncertainty and exploring this with students.