利用数据中心存储的能量的好处和限制

Sriram Govindan, A. Sivasubramaniam, B. Urgaonkar
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引用次数: 231

摘要

数据中心的电力消耗对其经常性电费(Op-ex)和一次性建设成本(Cap-ex)都有重大影响。优化这些成本的现有工作主要依赖于节流设备或工作负载整形,这两种方法都会降低性能。在本文中,我们提出了一种新的能量缓冲旋钮(eBuff),以数据中心UPS电池的形式提供,以实现这种成本优化。直观地说,eBuff在“低谷”(需求较低的时期)将能量储存在UPS电池中,可以在“高峰”(需求较高的时期)将其消耗掉。UPS电池通常用作故障转移机制,在公用事业发生故障时过渡到自备电源。此外,频繁放电会导致UPS电池过早失效。我们对电池运行进行了详细的分析,以确定考虑到电池寿命和数据中心可用性的可行操作区域。利用从该分析中获得的见解,我们开发了峰值降低算法,将UPS电池旋钮与现有的基于节流的技术相结合,以最大限度地降低数据中心的电力成本。通过实验平台,我们提供了eBuff在各种工作负载峰值/低谷、UPS供应和应用程序SLA约束下的Op-ex节省的见解。我们发现eBuff可以实现15-45%的峰值功耗降低,相当于在整个频谱中节省6-18%的Op-ex。eBuff也可以通过加强电力基础设施组件的超额预订,在降低资本支出成本方面发挥作用,我们量化了这种资本支出节省的程度。据我们所知,这是第一篇利用存储能量(通常在数据中心未开发)来解决峰值功耗问题的论文。
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Benefits and limitations of tapping into stored energy for datacenters
Datacenter power consumption has a significant impact on both its recurring electricity bill (Op-ex) and one-time construction costs (Cap-ex). Existing work optimizing these costs has relied primarily on throttling devices or workload shaping, both with performance degrading implications. In this paper, we present a novel knob of energy buffer (eBuff) available in the form of UPS batteries in datacenters for this cost optimization. Intuitively, eBuff stores energy in UPS batteries during “valleys” - periods of lower demand, which can be drained during “peaks” - periods of higher demand. UPS batteries are normally used as a fail-over mechanism to transition to captive power sources upon utility failure. Furthermore, frequent discharges can cause UPS batteries to fail prematurely. We conduct detailed analysis of battery operation to figure out feasible operating regions given such battery lifetime and datacenter availability concerns. Using insights learned from this analysis, we develop peak reduction algorithms that combine the UPS battery knob with existing throttling based techniques for minimizing datacenter power costs. Using an experimental platform, we offer insights about Op-ex savings offered by eBuff for a wide range of workload peaks/valleys, UPS provisioning, and application SLA constraints. We find that eBuff can be used to realize 15-45% peak power reduction, corresponding to 6-18% savings in Op-ex across this spectrum. eBuff can also play a role in reducing Cap-ex costs by allowing tighter overbooking of power infrastructure components and we quantify the extent of such Cap-ex savings. To our knowledge, this is the first paper to exploit stored energy - typically lying untapped in the datacenter - to address the peak power draw problem.
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