Staged surgical treatment of brachioplexopathy in an adolescent with Klippel-Feil syndrome: a rare clinical case and literature review

Klippel-Feil syndrome is a congenital malformation, the leading component of which is a violation of segmentation of the cervical vertebral bodies. The syndrome can be combined with other skeletal anomalies: skull asymmetry, scoliosis, high shoulder blades, and cervical ribs. Treatment of the syndrome is usually symptomatic; indications for surgical treatment are progressive neurological disorders and persistent pain syndrome, which usually develop due to instability of unblocked segments, or neurogenic pain. A clinical case of treatment of a 17-year-old patient with Klippel-Feil syndrome who developed a picture of severe upper limb monoparesis during three years due to compression of the brachial plexus associated with cervical ribs is presented. Decompression of the brachial plexus was performed, which led to rapid relief of pain syndrome and gradual partial regression of motor disorders. Due to incomplete restoration of the gripping function, tendon-muscle plasty of the right hand was performed, which significantly improved the possibility of self-care. The results of radiation and staged neurophysiological studies are described, as well as a review of the literature on the Klippel-Feil syndrome.