A Scalable, Low-Maintenance, Smart Water Quality Monitoring System

This paper presents a smart water quality monitoring system which can measure, in real-time, the salinity, acidity, and temperature of the water. The system consists of three main units: the sensor probe, that incorporates Si-based sensors, the measuring station, and the cloud infrastructure. The proposed Internet of Things system is deployed in real-world applications and validated against commercial reference sensors. In this work, we demonstrate the long-term performance of the sensors in harsh environmental conditions without periodic maintenance, during a period of six months. Using the developed algorithms based on the measured impedance phase angle, the system can detect data irregularities and anomalous events such as biofouling and sensor failure, providing notifications to the end user for sensor maintenance or replacement.