城市景观地质系统和气候变暖条件下河流水体的盐化

N. Rychak, N. Kizilova
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The results of measurements of chemical parameters of water samples from different parts of the river system Kharkiv-Lopan-Uda in Kharkiv: at the entrance of each river into the city, at industrial sites, at the mouth and at the exit of the river Uda from the city. It is shown that in recent years there has been a steady increase in the total concentration of salts. The rivers Kharkiv, Lopan and Udy at the entrance to the territory of Kharkiv have a fairly low content of sulfates, chlorides, magnesium and calcium, but after the passage of industrial areas to the city center there is a significant increase in salinity and water hardness. Our own data are in good agreement with the results of water quality tests by other laboratories. Thus, in the context of global climate change, the salt content in the river system Kharkiv-Lopan-Uda increases, which significantly affects the system of groundwater and drinking water. Originality. In the research the detailed data on concentrations of the ions Cl-, SO42-, Са++, Mg++ in 12 locations along the three rivers (Kharkiv, Lopan, Udy) of the complex river sys- tem in different seasons (spring, summer, autumn) have been studied and compared to similar data from open sources. The statistical dependencies of the relative concentrations during the last 40 years have been analyzed. Practical meaning. It is determined that the concentrations of some ions demonstrate the monotones growth during the last years, while others varies non-monotonously. Therefore, the influence of different natural and antropogenic factors on global gradual increase in the river water salinity can be quantified by a complex index weighted over a set of concentrations. Conclusions. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的。研究了人为因素和全球气候变化对城市景观地表水盐度的影响。根据近年来发表的数据,分析了各种因素的影响。方法。关于乌克兰地表水状况、降水酸度和饮用水质量的统计数字表明,南部和东南部地区的情况正变得具有威胁性。由于哈尔科夫地区是乌克兰饮用和技术用水需求最大的三个地区之一,因此对哈尔科夫地区的水源进行了分析。结果。哈尔科夫哈尔科夫-洛潘-乌达河系统不同部分的水样化学参数测量结果:在每条河流入城的入口处,在工业场所,在乌达河入城的口和出口。结果表明,近年来盐的总浓度有稳定的增长。哈尔科夫地区入口处的哈尔科夫河、洛班河和乌季河的硫酸盐、氯化物、镁和钙含量相当低,但在工业区进入市中心后,盐度和水的硬度显著增加。我们自己的数据与其他实验室的水质测试结果一致。因此,在全球气候变化的背景下,哈尔科夫-洛潘-乌达河水系的含盐量增加,这对地下水和饮用水系统产生了重大影响。创意。本研究对哈尔科夫河、洛班河、乌季河等3条河流沿线12个地点不同季节(春、夏、秋)Cl-、SO42-、Са++、Mg++离子浓度的详细数据进行了研究,并与公开来源的类似数据进行了比较。分析了近40年来相对浓度的统计依赖性。现实意义。结果表明,近年来一些离子的浓度呈单调增长,而另一些离子的浓度呈非单调变化。因此,不同的自然和人为因素对全球河流水盐度逐渐增加的影响可以通过一组浓度加权的复杂指数来量化。结论。文献和测量数据分析的结果证实,随着人为因素和全球气候变化的增加,哈尔科夫地区城市地区的地表水和地下水水位将下降,由于盐度、钙化和一些污染物水平的增加,地表水和地下水的质量将恶化,这需要对这一复杂问题进行进一步的详细研究,永久监测数据,并在开放获取的信息源中进行系统化。对于具有控制和稳定能力的动态系统,既可以用统计方法处理,也可以用新的系统动力学方法处理。
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SALINATION OF RIVER WATERS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF URBOLANDSCAPE GEOSYSTEMS AND CLIMATE WARMING
Purpose. The growth of surface water salinity in urban landscapes due to both anthropogenic factors and gradual global climate change is studied. The influence of various factors is analyzed, according to the data that have been published in recent years. Methodology. Statistics on the state of surface waters, acidity of precipitation and the quality of drinking water in Ukraine show that in the southern and south-eastern regions the situation is becoming threatening. As Kharkiv region is one of the three leaders in the demands for drinking and technical water among the regions of Ukraine, the analysis of water sources in the Kharkiv region is carried out. Results. The results of measurements of chemical parameters of water samples from different parts of the river system Kharkiv-Lopan-Uda in Kharkiv: at the entrance of each river into the city, at industrial sites, at the mouth and at the exit of the river Uda from the city. It is shown that in recent years there has been a steady increase in the total concentration of salts. The rivers Kharkiv, Lopan and Udy at the entrance to the territory of Kharkiv have a fairly low content of sulfates, chlorides, magnesium and calcium, but after the passage of industrial areas to the city center there is a significant increase in salinity and water hardness. Our own data are in good agreement with the results of water quality tests by other laboratories. Thus, in the context of global climate change, the salt content in the river system Kharkiv-Lopan-Uda increases, which significantly affects the system of groundwater and drinking water. Originality. In the research the detailed data on concentrations of the ions Cl-, SO42-, Са++, Mg++ in 12 locations along the three rivers (Kharkiv, Lopan, Udy) of the complex river sys- tem in different seasons (spring, summer, autumn) have been studied and compared to similar data from open sources. The statistical dependencies of the relative concentrations during the last 40 years have been analyzed. Practical meaning. It is determined that the concentrations of some ions demonstrate the monotones growth during the last years, while others varies non-monotonously. Therefore, the influence of different natural and antropogenic factors on global gradual increase in the river water salinity can be quantified by a complex index weighted over a set of concentrations. Conclusions. The results of the literature and measurement data analysis confirmed that with increasing anthropogenic factors and global climate change, the level of surface and groundwater in the urban area of Kharkiv region will decrease and their quality will deteriorate due to increased salinity, calcification and levels of a number of pollutants, which requires further detailed study of this complex problem, permanent data monitoring and systematization in the open access sources of information, which can be processed both by statistical methods and with the help of new system dynamic approaches for the dynamical systems with the ability to control and stabilize the system.
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