什么是结构主义?皮亚杰的发生认识论与结构主义思想的变异

R. Solo
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引用次数: 5

摘要

本文将试图调查和解释结构主义,或者像一些人所说的那样,“法国结构主义”,这是一种无定形的,多方面的,复杂的现象,没有学科边界或任何既定权威来解决有关它的争议。唉,这种解释将基于一个人的有限经验,他既不能声称自己在语言学、心理学或人类学方面具有专业知识,而结构主义思想在这些领域产生了最大的影响。本文将分为五个部分。第一部分将提出有意识的、部分组织的结构主义运动及其公认的大师和忠实的弟子、研究中心和研究所以及大学课程中的利基的基本原理。第二部分将考虑在经济学领域开展结构主义运动的必要性。第三部分将考察那些在学科范围内自发地、独立地发展起来的思想体系,这些思想体系共享一种可以被认定为结构主义的分析方法或观点;即从结构主义运动中抽象化,明确结构主义思想的特征,并以皮亚杰的心理学为原型。第四部分对结构主义思想在人类学、语言学、历史学和哲学史上的发展进行了回顾和比较
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What Is Structuralism? Piaget's Genetic Epistemology and the Varieties of Structuralist Thought
This article will attempt to survey and interpret structuralism, or, as some would have it, "French Structuralism," an amorphous, multifaceted, and complex phenomenon, without a disciplinary boundary or any established authority to settle controversies concerning it. This interpretation will be based, alas, on the limited experience of one who can claim expertise neither in linguistics, psychology, nor anthropology, where structuralist thought has had its greatest impact. The essay will be divided into five parts. The first will suggest the rationale of the conscious, partially organized structuralist movement with its recognized masters and committed disciples, research centers and institutes, and niches in university curricula. The second will consider the need for a structuralist movement in economics. The third will examine those bodies of thought that have developed spontaneously and independently here and there over the spectrum of the disciplines sharing an analytic approach or outlook that can be identified as structuralist; that is, abstracting from the structuralist movement, the character of structuralist thought will be specified, with Jean Piaget's psychology taken as its prototype. The fourth part reviews and compares structuralist thought in anthropology, linguistics, the history and philosophy of
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