Analysis of Evacuation Time and Evacuation Direction with Respect to Crowd Density on a Ramp

This study aims to use evacuation direction and time as primary data for a situation where one needs to evacuate from a crowd-density place on a ramp by comparing and analyzing the relationship between the evacuation direction and evacuation time with respect to the crowd density on a ramp. The results showed that it took longer to exit the ramp when more than five pedestrians per area passed on the ramp. In addition, reducing the width of the ramp with a faux wall also increased the duration required for pedestrians to evacuate safely. Furthermore, it was found that less time was required to exit the ramp when the pedestrians evacuated in one direction, reducing the risk of accidents. Therefore, this study concludes that when there is a ramped passage at a place with a high crowd density, pedestrians should move in one direction during the evacuation process.