Bile Acid Receptors in Cholangiocyte

Bile acids are known to play a role in helping the digestion of lipid and maintenance of the bile flow. However, since the first bile acid receptor was discovered in 1999, it has been found that various bile acid receptors are present. Bile acid receptors are involved in bile acid physiology, energy metabolism, and inflammatory response. G-protein bile acid-activated receptor 1 (GPBAR1) and Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) are representative bile acid receptors in cholangiocyte. They are involved in proliferation and secretion of cholangiocyte, which seem to protect cholangiocyte from the toxicity of bile acids. GPBAR1 and S1PR2 are also associated with the progression of cholangiocarcinoma.