狩猎自然资源利用法律关系主体的权利与义务

L.R. Danylyuk
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摘要

狩猎自然资源利用法律关系的主体是被赋予主观权利和法律义务,能够行使这些主观权利和履行相应的法律义务,并对超过行使主观权利限度的不履行或不当履行法律义务承担法律责任的当事人。狩猎自然资源利用法律关系的主体按参与程度可分为主要主体和附加主体。狩猎自然资源使用法律关系的主体是:1)狩猎场的使用者;2)猎场所在地段的拥有人及/或使用者;(三)狩猎经济领域的国家主管机关;4)猎人。(一)作为狩猎产品和狩猎战利品合同当事人之一的个人和法人;(二)从事猎犬养殖的个人、企业家、法人;(三)按照一般利用顺序使用狩猎自然资源的个人和按照特殊利用顺序使用狩猎自然资源的个人、法人,属于二级利用;(四)狩猎公益组织;5)公共环境保护督察和公共狩猎督察。狩猎自然资源使用法律关系主体的权利和义务,由于法律关系本身的特殊性及其潜在参与者的广泛范围,在乌克兰《关于狩猎经济和狩猎法》和其他规范性法律行为的框架内具有体积和传播的特点。因此,通过立法对狩猎自然资源利用法律关系的具体主体的权利义务进行界定和系统化是有意义的。本文的目的是对狩猎自然资源利用主体依法确定的权利义务进行研究和整理。因此,本文试图通过对专门立法的详细分析,建立狩猎自然资源利用法律关系主体和附加主体的权利义务制度。
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Rights and Obligations of Subjects of Legal Relations of Use of Hunting Natural Resources
Subjects of legal relations of use of hunting natural resources are their participants, who are endowed with subjective rights and legal obligations, are able to exercise these subjective rights and fulfill the corresponding legal obligations, and bear legal responsibility for non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment of legal obligations, exceeding the limits of exercising one’s subjective rights.Subjects of legal relations of use of hunting natural resources can be divided into main and additional according to the degree of participation in these legal relations.To main subjects of legal relations of use of hunting natural resources belong: 1) users of hunting grounds; 2) owners and/or users of land sections on which hunting grounds are located; 3) state authorities in the field of hunting economy; 4) hunters. And to additional: 1) individuals and legal entities who act as one of the parties to contracts regarding hunting products and hunting trophies; 2) individuals-entrepreneurs and legal entities engaged in hunting dog breeding; 3) individuals who use hunting natural resources in the order of general use and individuals and legal entities who use them in the order of special use in so-called secondary types of use; 4) public organizations of hunters; 5) public environmental protection inspectors and public hunting inspectors.Rights and obligations of subjects of legal relations of use of hunting natural resources, due to the specificity of the legal relations themselves and a wide range of their potential participants, are characterized by volume and spread both within the framework of the Law of Ukraine “On Hunting Economy and Hunting” and other normative-legal acts.Therefore, the definition and systematization of rights and obligations fixed by legislation for specific subjects of legal relations of use of hunting natural resources are relevant.The purpose of this article is to study and organize legally defined rights and obligations of subjects of use of hunting natural resources.Accordingly, in this article the attempt is made, through the detailed analysis of special legislation, to establish the system of rights and obligations of main and additional subjects of legal relations of use of hunting natural resources.
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