哈桑案:美国高等教育中的口音歧视问题分析

D. Wyld
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摘要

本文探讨了高等教育中经常隐藏的口音歧视问题。这篇文章首先考察了什么是口音的概念。其次,分析了第VH条对国籍歧视的保护范围。在标题VH的保护伞下,将口音和国籍歧视等同起来的理由被列出。然后,对高等教育内外涉嫌口音歧视的案件的法院裁决进行审查。这为哈桑诉奥本大学(Hassan v. Auburn University, 1993)一案的判决分析奠定了基础,该判决为处理高等教育中语言和口音问题的行政特权范围提供了重要见解。最后讨论了哈桑法院对高等教育在不断变化的时代中的影响。与世界其他地区相比,美国的学院和大学享有竞争优势。在全球范围内,美国高等教育的质量被认为是无与伦比的。因此,美国的高等教育机构处于独特的地位。他们有能力吸引世界各地最优秀、最聪明的人来美国从事学术研究——无论是学生还是教授。美国吸引全球最优秀学者的核心魅力是什么?前哈佛大学校长德里克·博克非常明确地回答说,答案就在英语这一通用语言中。他写道:
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The Hassan Case: An Analysis of the Issue of Accent Discrimination in American Higher Education
This article addresses the often-hidden accent discrimination issue in higher education. The article begins with an examination of the concept of just what an accent is. Next, the scope of Title VH's protection against discrimination due to national origin is analyzed. The rationale for equating accent and national origin discrimination under Title VH's umbrella is laid out. Then, court rulings in cases of alleged accent discrimination both within and outside of higher education are examined. This sets the stage for an analysis of the decision in Hassan v. Auburn University (1993), which offers important insights into the scope of administrative prerogative to deal with the language and accent issue in higher education. A concluding discussion of the ramifica­ tions of the Hassan court's ruling for higher education in a changing era is then offered. America's colleges and universities enjoy a competitive advantage versus the rest of the world. Around the globe, the quality of American higher education is regarded as unequaled. Higher education institutions in the United States thus stand in a unique position. They have the ability to attract the best and the brightest from countries all over the planet to come to the United States for their academic pursuits—both as students and professors. What is at the core of America's magnetism to attract the best scholars worldwide? Former Harvard University President Derek Bok answered quite clearly that the answer lay in the common currency of the English language. He wrote:
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