Review of Particle Detachment and Attachment in Porous Media

Particle detachment, migration and attachment are common processes in porous media, especially in unconsolidated formations. In this review, the processes are discussed and equations describing the processes are presented. Two particle detachment processes analyzed are the hydrodynamic forces and electric double-layer forces. The particle detachments equations were critically examined to determine if they reflect crucial factors that trigger particle detachment in porous media. Essential factors that are missing in the equation are the effect of pressure and the level of rock consolidation. Incorporating the level of rock cementation and the effect of pressure in the equations will make the models more empirical and less theoretical. For particle attachment, Van der Waals forces, adhesion, particle attachment efficiency, and straining processes and their equations are considered. The colloidal forces are all embraced in terms of capturing important elements that mobilize particles in porous media, however, the practical application of the models can pose a challenge. For particle adsorption on grain surfaces, it is recommended that the effect of pressure and temperature be studied.