军事法医学方法学分析

P. Antoniuk
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摘要

新的独立法医学单位的出现是科学知识和法医专家活动发展的必然结果,如果这一过程是在法医学方法论基础发达的基础上发生的,这就保证了新型法医学的科学性、其行为的组织和法律程序以及其结果的可采性,以确保司法公正。在乌克兰执行法医活动时忽视科学方法,并试图使其适应调查和司法实践的需要,不能不引起关注,特别是在试图用法医科学代替证明程序时。本文旨在以司法鉴定一般理论为基础,对司法军事科学的主题、对象和任务及其在现代司法科学总分类体系中的地位进行方法学分析。研究方法论由作为普遍认知方法的唯物辩证法的规定,以及解决个别研究任务的一套形式逻辑方法组成:分析、综合、类比、比较、比较、演绎。在研究过程中,为了建立军事科学作为一个独立的分层单元的编队一致性,分析了其结构组成:课题、对象、任务和解决这些问题所需的具体专业知识。在进行方法学分析时发现,军事科学作为一个独立的法医检验分层单位的形成违反了法医学发展的方法学基础和法医学新物种起源的进化路径。根据所进行的研究,得出的结论是,有必要修改军事科学在乌克兰现有法医学分类系统中的地位和本质,这将确保形成法医学新单位的方法方法的统一性,并保证法医学宣布的原则。
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Methodological analysis of military forensic science
Emergence of new independent units of forensic science is a logical result of the development of scientific knowledge and forensic expert activity, if such a process takes place on the basis of the developed methodological foundations of forensic science, which ensures the scientific nature of new types of forensic science, organizational and legal procedure for their conduct and the admissibility of their results to ensure justice. Ignoring scientific approaches in  implementation of forensic activities in Ukraine and attempts to adapt it to the needs of investigative and judicial practice cannot but cause concern, especially when it comes to an attempt to substitute forensic science for the proof process. Article purpose is to conduct a methodological analysis of the topic, objects and tasks of forensic military science and its place in the modern general classification system of forensic science on the basis of the general theory of forensic expertology. Research methodology was made up of the provisions of materialist dialectics as a universal method of cognition, as well as a set of methods of formal logic for solving individual research tasks: analysis, synthesis, analogy, comparison, comparison, deduction. While research, in order to establish formation consistency  of military science as an independent stratification unit, its structural components were analyzed: topic, objects, tasks and specific expertise necessary for their solution. While conducted methodological analysis, it was found that formation of military science as an independent stratification unit of forensic examinations occurred in violation of the methodological foundations developed by forensic science and the evolutionary paths of the genesis of new species of forensic science. As a result of performed research, it was concluded that it is necessary to revise the place and essence of military science in the existing classification system offorensic science in Ukraine which will ensure the unity of the methodological approach to formation of new units of forensic science and guarantee declared principles of forensic science.
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