Estudio comparativo sobre el comportamiento y la distribución de las tensiones en implantes dentales cortos e implantes dentales estándares en la región posterior del maxilar superior. Un estudio en elementos finitos

Objectives

Current studies conclude that the maximum tension and the greater distribution of forces should occur around the implant neck. To compare the distribution of stress between a short dental implant osseointegrated in different available vertical bones and standard osseointegrated implants in the posterior maxilla in mixed terrain formed by the bone of the patient and Bio-Oss®. To determine the stress distribution. To study the increased diameter of the short implant. To determine whether the results support the use of short implants.

Materials and methods

The finite elements method (FEM), which helps to solve differential equations associated with a physical problem with complicated geometries, was used in this work, where the geometric region is a three-dimensional model of an implant, its crown, and a portion of the bone region of the studied area.

The models were subjected to occlusion forces, 150 N Angle 30° ISO 14801: 2003. The MEF software used was called Abaqus from Dasssault Systemes Enterprise.

Results

The maximum values were concentrated in the cervical portion of the implant. Tensions in the implant are in the same range. The greater the elasticity of the elements contained in the module, the greater is the absorption of stress forces. The tension in the cortical bone showed no differences, but in the model where the diameter of the implant is increased to 4.8, a marked decrease occurs in the bone stress. The comparison of the stresses in the cancellous bone showed a difference in the stresses produced in the bone with Bio-Oss®, and it is located in the apical portion of the implant away from the area of the major stress concentration.

Conclusions

The maximum concentration of forces in cervical portion is independent of the length of the implant, being favourable to increase the diameter. It is possible to use low quality bone in for shorts implants.