营养义务的继承:先例决定

D. Bondarenko
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摘要

本文考虑了最近成为相关的法律先例的法律性质-继承赡养义务的转移。作为我国民法学说所载的一般规则,如果财产权和义务与遗嘱人的人格不可分割地联系在一起,并且如果《俄罗斯联邦民法典》或其他联邦法律不允许按照继承顺序转让财产权和义务,则它们不是继承的一部分。特别是,继承不包括赡养费和赡养义务的权利。然而,自2013年以来俄罗斯联邦最高法院的司法实践表明,情况恰恰相反:有关货币义务被认定为与个人无关的债务,因此,根据法院的说法,支付债务的义务必须转移给债务人的继承人,后者在接受继承的情况下,有义务在转让给他的继承财产的价值范围内偿还债务。文章对这一立场的争议表达了作者的理性观点。
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Inheritance of Aliment Obligations: Precedented Decision
The article considers the legal nature of the legal precedent that has become relevant recently – the transfer of maintenance obligations by inheritance. As a general rule, enshrined in the civil law doctrine of our country, property rights and obligations are not part of the inheritance, if they are inextricably linked with the personality of the testator, and also if their transfer in the order of inheritance is not allowed by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation or other federal laws. In particular, the inheritance does not include the right to alimony and maintenance obligations. However, the judicial practice of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, which has arisen since 2013, suggests the opposite: the monetary obligation in question was recognized as a debt unrelated to the person, and therefore, according to the court, the obligation to pay it must pass to the heir of the debtor, which the latter subject to acceptance of the inheritance, he is obliged to repay within the limits of the value of the inherited property transferred to him. The article expresses the author's reasoned opinion on the controversy of such a position.
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