写人类世:环境危机和海洋想象在露丝·奥泽基的故事暂时

Yeonhaun Kang
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摘要

通过将“跨太平洋”定位为一个关键空间,允许日本和加拿大之间、过去和现在之间、人类和非人类之间的海洋交流,本文批判性地审视了大泽木的第三部小说《暂时的故事》(2013)如何帮助我们理解“缓慢的暴力”,这种暴力由于时间和遥远地点的作用而难以看到或感受到。虽然主流的人类世话语倾向于更多地关注全球北方的白人精英、作家和科学家的观点,但大泽木的小说将读者的注意力吸引到了海洋运动的流动性上,并有意模糊了人类历史和环境历史之间的界限,尤其是二战期间日本的核轰炸与2011年福岛第一核电站灾难之间的联系。为了强调人类和非人类在全球范围内面临的复杂危机。基于Elizabeth DeLoughrey所说的文学研究中的“海洋转向”,我认为Ozeki的《暂时的故事》挑战并致力于人类世话语的非殖民化,从而邀请我们为超越人类的世界想象更公正、更可持续的环境未来。
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Writing the Anthropocene: Environmental Crisis and Oceanic Imaginations in Ruth Ozeki’s A Tale for the Time Being
By situating “transpacific” as a critical space that allows oceanic exchange between Japan and Canada, the past and the present, and human and nonhuman, this essay critically examines how Ozeki’s third novel, A Tale for the Time Being (2013), helps us apprehend “slow violence,” one that is hard to see or feel due to the workings of time and distant locations. While mainstream Anthropocene discourse has tended to focus more on the perspectives of white elites, writers and scientists based in the Global North, Ozeki’s novel draws the reader’s attention to the fluidity of oceanic movements and intentionally blurs the boundaries between human history and environmental history, especially the links between nuclear bombing in Japan during the World War II and the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in 2011, in order to emphasize a complex crisis for both human and nonhuman on a planetary scale. Building on what Elizabeth DeLoughrey terms “the oceanic turn” in literatary studies, I argue that Ozeki’s A Tale for the Time Being challenges and works to decolonize the discourses of the Anthropocene and thus invites us to imagine more just and sustainable environmental futures for the more-than-human world.
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