{"title":"计算","authors":"J. Rau","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192896308.003.0004","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"This chapter introduces the basic building blocks of quantum computing and a variety of specific algorithms. It begins with a brief review of classical computing and discusses how its key elements – bits, gates, circuits – carry over to the quantum realm. It highlights crucial differences to the classical case, such as the impossibility of copying a qubit. The quantum circuit model is shown to be universal, and a peculiar variant of quantum computing, based on measurements only, is illustrated. That a quantum computer can perform some calculations more efficiently than a classical computer, at least in principle, is exemplified with the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm. Other examples covered in this chapter are the variational quantum eigensolver, which can be applied to the study of molecules and classical optimization problems; quantum simulation; and entanglement-assisted metrology.","PeriodicalId":445393,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Theory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Computation\",\"authors\":\"J. Rau\",\"doi\":\"10.1093/oso/9780192896308.003.0004\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"This chapter introduces the basic building blocks of quantum computing and a variety of specific algorithms. It begins with a brief review of classical computing and discusses how its key elements – bits, gates, circuits – carry over to the quantum realm. It highlights crucial differences to the classical case, such as the impossibility of copying a qubit. The quantum circuit model is shown to be universal, and a peculiar variant of quantum computing, based on measurements only, is illustrated. That a quantum computer can perform some calculations more efficiently than a classical computer, at least in principle, is exemplified with the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm. Other examples covered in this chapter are the variational quantum eigensolver, which can be applied to the study of molecules and classical optimization problems; quantum simulation; and entanglement-assisted metrology.\",\"PeriodicalId\":445393,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Quantum Theory\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"1900-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Quantum Theory\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192896308.003.0004\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Quantum Theory","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192896308.003.0004","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter introduces the basic building blocks of quantum computing and a variety of specific algorithms. It begins with a brief review of classical computing and discusses how its key elements – bits, gates, circuits – carry over to the quantum realm. It highlights crucial differences to the classical case, such as the impossibility of copying a qubit. The quantum circuit model is shown to be universal, and a peculiar variant of quantum computing, based on measurements only, is illustrated. That a quantum computer can perform some calculations more efficiently than a classical computer, at least in principle, is exemplified with the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm. Other examples covered in this chapter are the variational quantum eigensolver, which can be applied to the study of molecules and classical optimization problems; quantum simulation; and entanglement-assisted metrology.