重要因素对车辆鼓式制动器元件热流分布的影响

H. Hudz, Mykhailo Hlobchak
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摘要

如果没有能够保证高制动效率的制动系统,机动车辆的高速行驶是不可能的。已经确定制动系统中最不稳定的环节是制动机构,因为从能量的角度来看,摩擦制动器制动是将机动车辆的部分机械能转化为热量的过程。制动是一个漫长的过程,在此过程中,许多对位体参数发生了变化,特别是由于温度变化,摩擦系数等引起的热物性参数。如果在这些情况下,表面和体积温度超过允许值,那么摩擦副的摩擦特性和部件相互作用的条件就会发生变化,从而导致制动机构和整个制动系统的特性发生变化。大多数国家的标准和国际规定不仅对冷制动的一次性紧急制动进行了规定,而且对在给定时间内将一定量的能量转化为热量后进行的紧急制动进行了规定。研究发现,只有当制动系统具有足够的能量容量时,才能保证在将给定的能量转换为热量后保持必要的制动效率。研究的对象是决定摩擦表面临界温度的制动机构元件的热流分布。证明了由于只考虑摩擦副材料的热物理性质,F. Charron公式不能正确地估计这种分布。结果表明,在网格热模型上,利用“Fourier-2xyz”软件复核可以估计制动器设计参数及其工作方式对机动车辆鼓式制动器热流分布的影响。
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The influence of important factors on the distribution of heat flows in elements of drum brakes of vehicles
The movement of motor vehicles at high speeds is impossible without a braking system capable of ensuring high braking efficiency. It has been established that the most unstable link of the braking system is the brake mechanism, since from the energy point of view, braking with friction brakes is the process of converting part of the mechanical energy of the motor vehicle into heat. Braking is a long process during which many counterbody parameters change, in particular, thermophysical parameters due to temperature changes, friction coefficient, etc. If, under these circumstances, the surface and volume temperatures exceed the permissible values, then the frictional properties of the friction pairs and the conditions of the interaction of the parts change, which leads to a change in the characteristics of the brake mechanisms and the brake system as a whole. The standards of most countries and international prescriptions regulate braking performance meters not only for one-time emergency braking with cold brakes but also for emergency braking performed after the conversion of a given amount of energy into heat during a given time. It was found that the preservation of the necessary braking efficiency after the conversion of a given amount of energy into heat will be ensured only if the braking system has sufficient energy capacity. The object of the research is the distribution of heat flows in the elements of the brake mechanism, which determine the critical temperature of the friction surfaces. It was established that F. Charron's formula cannot correctly estimate such a distribution due to taking into account only the thermophysical properties of materials of friction pairs. It is shown that the influence of the design parameters of the brake and its modes of operation on the distribution of heat flows in the drum brake of a motor vehicle can also be estimated on grid thermal models with the involvement of the "Fourier-2xyz" software complex.
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