A new energy efficient data transmission method for underwater wireless sensor networks

The Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN) consists of sensor nodes equipped with a small battery of limited energy resource. A key design issue here is the energy efficiency that needs to be addressed in order to increase the lifetime of the network. In this paper, we apply a hexagon tessellation with an ideal cell size to deploy the underwater sensor nodes for two-dimensional UWSN. Upon this setting, we propose an enhanced hybrid transmission method that considers load balancing of data transmission in two-dimensional UWSN. The proposed method applies the threshold annulus that is defined as the distance between a node and the Base Station (BS) and allocates different frequencies to different annuluses. The simulation results show that the proposed method enhances the energy efficiency compared to the existing multi-hop forwarding methods and hybrid transmission methods.