联合国安理会第1325号决议“难民危机背景下的妇女、和平与安全”:旧经验还是新挑战?

Danijela Spasić
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摘要

自2000年以来,联合国安理会通过了四项关于妇女、和平与安全的决议(第1325、1820、1888和1889号决议)。2000年10月31日,安理会通过了第1325号决议“妇女、和平与安全”。这份文件强调了血腥冲突对妇女和女童的影响,以及妇女在国家建设和平和冲突后恢复中的重要作用。该协议的实施面临的一个特别挑战是难民危机,从2015年开始,有50多万寻求庇护的人抵达欧洲。其中特别脆弱的群体是妇女和儿童,他们被安置在难民营和庇护中心。在逗留期间(逗留时间未预先确定),它们将用于满足当地现有资源(物质和人力)范围内的需要。在这方面,地方社区根据已通过的执行第1325号决议的行动计划,确保难民和移徙者,特别是妇女和儿童的安全和心理社会福利的准备将成为重点。本文的分析方法包括在应对难民危机的地方背景下确定第1325号决议的关键决定因素。
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UN SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION 1325 “WOMEN, PEACE AND SECURITY” IN THE LOCAL CONTEXT OF REFUGEE CRISIS: OLD EXPERIENCE OR NEW CHALLENGES?
Since 2000, the United Nation Security Council (UNSC) has adopted four resolutions on women, peace and security (Resolutions: 1325, 1820, 1888 and 1889). The Resolution 1325 „Women, peace and security“ was adopted on October 31st 2000. This document emphasizes the consequences of bloody conflicts on women and girls and the importance of women's role in peacebuilding and the post-conflict recovery of the country. A particular challenge for its implementation is the refugee crisis in which more than half a million people seeking asylum arrived in Europe starting in 2015. Among them are particularly vulnerable groups of women and children, accommodated in refugee camps and asylum centers. During the stay whose duration is not pre-determined, they are directed towards meeting the needs within the existing local resources (material and human). In this context, the readiness of local communities to ensure the safety and psychosocial well-being of the refugees and migrants, especially women and children, in accordance with the adopted Action Plan for the implementation of Resolution 1325, will come to the fore. The analytical approach in this paper includes the identification of the key determinants of the Resolution 1325 in the local context of the response to the refugee crisis.
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