九世纪《福音》双语词索引的计算机辅助建模

M. Ruskov, Lora Taseva
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摘要

双语词典对中世纪翻译的发展遇到了各种各样的困难。这是由两种类型的语言环境造成的:a)源语和目的语之间的不对称;b)原文和译文的可用来源各不相同。特别是,《君士坦丁的Tihova》的完整批判版,普雷斯拉夫的《训诫福音》(Uchitel'noe evangelie)给出了一个相对较好的古教会斯拉夫语翻译,但没有给出其希腊语源文本。这是由于克莱默版本的《链表》——在其中被用作平行文本——是基于几个抄本的,而这些抄本的文本与斯拉夫文本并不完全一致。这导致了新发现的拜占庭手稿和约翰金口布道的相似之处的增加。我们解决这些问题的方法是一个循序渐进的过程,有两个主要目标:a)促进输入数据的语言学注释;b)首先单独考虑上述挑战的表现形式,以简化它们的解决方案,然后将它们结合起来。我们展示了我们如何模拟各种类型的不对称翻译相关性和来源多元化导致的可变性。我们还演示了如何对所有这些结构进行建模并将其处理为最终指数。我们的方法是设计与概括的思想,并打算适用于其他翻译从希腊语到古教会斯拉夫语。
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Computer-Aided Modelling of the Bilingual Word Indices to the Nineth-Century Uchitel'noe evangelie
The development of bilingual dictionaries to medieval translations presents diverse difficulties. These result from two types of philological circumstances: a) the asymmetry between the source language and the target language; and b) the varying available sources of both the original and translated texts. In particular, the full critical edition of Tihova of Constantine of Preslav's Uchitel'noe evangelie ('Didactic Gospel') gives a relatively good idea of the Old Church Slavonic translation but not of its Greek source text. This is due to the fact that Cramer's edition of the catenae - used as the parallel text in it - is based on several codices whose text does not fully coincide with the Slavonic. This leads to the addition of the newly-discovered parallels from Byzantine manuscripts and John Chrysostom's homilies. Our approach to these issues is a step-wise process with two main goals: a) to facilitate the philological annotation of input data and b) to consider the manifestations of the mentioned challenges, first, separately in order to simplify their resolution, and, then, in their combination. We demonstrate how we model various types of asymmetric translation correlates and the variability resulting from the pluralism of sources. We also demonstrate how all these constructions are being modelled and processed into the final indices. Our approach is designed with generalisation in mind and is intended to be applicable also for other translations from Greek into Old Church Slavonic.
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