在增强型催化裂化(fcc)催化剂的作用下,尼日利亚油砂转化为轻质原油。

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摘要

在催化剂的作用下将重油转化为轻质原油,即重油和超稠油的催化提质,作为一种重要的原位提质技术,在世界范围内进行了探索。在本研究中,从一家炼油厂获得了一种平衡的催化裂化(FCC)催化剂,通过添加过渡金属离子进行了增强,使用x射线衍射仪(XRD)、x射线荧光(XRF)和傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)技术对其进行了表征,并在重质原油升级中进行了测试。将增强型FCC(流体催化裂化)工业催化剂、氢气和甘油加入到40℃下32000cSt的沥青中,在350℃高压间歇反应器中,压力为10bar,催化剂与沥青比为0.02,反应时间为2小时。在室温和40℃条件下,热改造后的粘度降低率分别为83%和98%,在相同条件下,催化剂改造后的粘度降低率分别为87.9和98.9%。结果表明,热反应的API比重由11.6提高到26.0,催化反应的API比重为30.5。所研究的沥青的其他理化性质也显著改善,有利于生产轻质油。采用傅里叶变换-红外(FT-IR)和气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析了350℃反应前后沥青的结构组成。结果表明,树脂和沥青质等重分子化合物被分解为较轻的化合物。关键词:沥青,油砂,流体催化裂化,催化剂,重油,改造
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CONVERSION OF NIGERIAN OILSAND TO LIGHT CRUDE IN THE PRESENCE OF ENHANCED FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING (FCC) CATALYST.
Conversion of heavy oil to light crude in the presence of a catalyst better known as catalytic upgrading of heavy and extra-heavy oil is been explored worldwide as one important in-situ upgrading technology among others. In this study, an equilibrated Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) catalyst was sourced from a refinery, enhanced by the addition of transition metal ions, characterized using X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), X-Ray Flourencence (XRF) and Fourier Transform - Infrared (FT-IR) techniques and tested in upgrading heavy crude oil. The enhanced FCC (Fluid Catalytic Cracking) commercial catalyst, hydrogen and glycerol were added into bitumen (32000cSt measured at 40oC) in a high-pressure batch reactor at 350oC for reaction time of two hours, pressure of 10bar and catalyst to bitumen ratio of 0.02. Viscosity reduction after thermal upgrade were 83 and 98% at room temperature and at 40oC respectively while the reduction after catalyst upgrade were 87.9 and 98.9% correspondingly under the same conditions. It was found that there was improved API gravity from 11.6 to 26.0 in thermal reaction and 30.5 in catalytic reaction. Other physiochemical properties of the bitumen investigated also improved significantly towards the production of lighter oil. The structural compositions of the bitumen before and after the reaction at 350oC were investigated using Fourier Transform - Infrared (FT-IR) and Gas Chromatograph – Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). The result shows that the heavy molecular compounds like resins and asphaltene were broken down to lighter compounds. Keywords: Bitumen, Oilsand, Fluid Catalytic Cracking, Catalyst, Heavy oil, Upgrade.
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