Training feedforward neural networks using Sine-Cosine algorithm to improve the prediction of liver enzymes on fish farmed on nano-selenite

Analytical prediction of oxidative stress biomarkers in ecosystem provides an expressive result for many stressors. These oxidative stress biomarkers including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activity in fish liver tissue were analyzed within feeding different levels of selenium nanoparticles. Se-nanoparticles represent a salient defense mechanism in oxidative stress within certain limits; however, stress can be engendered from toxic levels of these nanoparticles. For instance, prediction of the level of pollution and/or stressors was elucidated to be improved with different levels of selenium nanoparticles using the bio-inspired Sine-Cosine algorithm (SCA). In this paper, we improved the prediction accuracy of liver enzymes of fish fed by nano-selenite by developing a neural network model based on SCA, that can train and update the weights and the biases of the network until reaching the optimum value. The performance of the proposed model is better and achieved more efficient than other models.