A Hexagon-Based Honeycomb Routing Architecture for FPGA

Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are widely used for their flexibility and short time to market. FPGA routing architecture design is the key problem due to the fact that it plays a dominant role in the area, delay and power. Most of modern FPGAs are island-style which provide abundant vertical and horizontal tracks to guarantee the circuit designs can be routed successfully. Most connections in placed netlists are diagonal which may lead to passing through extra turning switches, resulting in increased delay cost and high routing density. In this paper, we propose a hexagon-based honeycomb FPGA routing architecture to improve the routability and performance. In honeycomb architecture, there are three kinds of routing channels which can provide more freedom to decrease the turning switches on the routing paths. In addition, the router lookahead algorithm is enhanced to support the honeycomb architecture which is then evaluated by the enhanced VTR with provided benchmarks. The experimental results show that the honeycomb architecture can improve the minimum routing channel width by 7.7% compared with traditional rectangular architecture with length-1 wires. In addition, the honeycomb architecture can achieve 9.9% improvement on the routed wirelength, 11.5% on the critical path delay and 12.4% on the area-delay product.