欧洲央行和欧元电子钞票——欧洲央行能否发行纸质欧元纸币的电子等价物?电子货币在什么条件下才具有法定货币地位?根据2020年欧洲央行法律研究计划2020准备的研究(主题2)

Corinne Zellweger-Gutknecht, B. Geva, Seraina N. Grunewald
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引用次数: 1

摘要

本研究报告探讨了欧洲中央银行(ECB)是否有权依法发行纸质欧元的电子等价物(e - banknotes),如果是的话,在什么条件下这种e - banknotes可能具有法定货币地位。为此,第2部分通过讨论可能激励甚至迫使欧洲央行发行电子钞票的原因,并通过参考法律和金融实践的一般原则分析电子钞票是否为钞票,从而奠定了基础。第三部分考察了如果发行电子欧元,哪些货币政策目标和任务可以更好地实现,或者相反,不发行电子欧元是否会在未来损害欧洲央行使命的履行。随后,第四部分分析了赋予欧洲央行权力的宪法框架,在某些明确的限制范围内,实现既定目标。这特别包括对第128条TFEU中“纸币”一词的解释,以及第127条TFEU中规定的选定基本任务的内容和范围,这些内容和范围反映在欧洲中央银行体系(ESCB)和欧洲中央银行章程中。然后将结果与可能受到e - euro影响的第三方的潜在利益进行权衡。第5部分继续讨论纸币的功能等同可以而且必须展示的设计特征,以满足先前定义的目标和宪法限制。第6部分探讨了体系结构问题,即可能的发行模型。第7部分结束。
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THE ECB AND € E‐BANKNOTES – Could the ECB Issue an Electronic Equivalent of Paper-Based Euro Banknotes? Under Which Conditions Might Such ʹelectronic Banknotesʹ Have Legal Tender Status? Study Prepared Under the 2020 ECB Legal Research Programme 2020 (Topic 2)
This research paper examines whether the European Central Bank (ECB) is entitled de lege lata to issue an electronic equivalent of paper‐based euro banknotes (e‐banknotes) and, if so, under what conditions such e‐banknotes might have legal tender status. To this end, Part 2 sets the stage by discussing the reasons that might motivate or even compel the ECB to issue an e-banknote and by analyzing whether an e‐banknote is a banknote by reference to general principles of law and financial practices. Part 3 examines which monetary policy objectives and tasks could be better fulfilled if an e‐euro were issued or, conversely, whether non‐issuance could in the future impair the fulfillment of the ECB’s mandate. Subsequently, Part 4 analyses the constitutional framework that empowers the ECB, within certain clear limits, to pursue the objectives set. This includes particularly the interpretation of the term ‘banknotes’ in Article 128 TFEU as well as the content and scope of selected basic tasks set out in Article 127 TFEU and mirrored in the Statute of the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) and of the ECB. The results are then weighed against the potential interests of third parties that could be affected by an e‐euro. Part 5 proceeds by discussing the design features that a functional equivalent of a paper banknote can and must exhibit in order to meet the previously defined objectives and constitutional limits. Part 6 explores the issue of architecture, i.e. the possible models of issuance. Part 7 concludes.
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