Aortic valve regurgitation

Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the first-line imaging tool to assess aortic valve (AV), aorta, and subsequent aortic regurgitation (AR). The parasternal long-axis view is classically used to measure the left outflow tract, the aortic annulus, and the aortic sinuses. Leaflet thickening and morphology can be visualized from this window as well as from the parasternal short-axis view and the apical five-chamber view. Nevertheless, 2D TTE may be limited and not enabling correct identification of the anatomy and causes of AR. In this situation, 3D echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) could provide better delineation of the AV morphology. In some cases, transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) could be required, more particularly for assessing the aortic root dimensions.