Introductory Chapter: Introduction to Array Pattern Optimization

Array antennas offer versatile and flexible solutions to the requirement for desired radiation patterns. The total field of the array can be controlled by five array parameters that are the main design parameters [1]. These are: the geometrical layout of the array elements and their spacings, the excitation amplitude and phase of the individual elements, and finally the pattern of the individual elements. These factors have been utilized by many array synthesis techniques that use either analytical or numerical approaches. These techniques have been extensively studied and are well documented [2, 3]. This chapter aims at presenting recent techniques that aim to improve and optimize the radiation pattern of array antennas.