Molecular identification of resistance pattern of Salmonella species in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Salmonella infection is among common infections in first world countries. Infection caused by multidrug resistant serotypes causing enteric fever e.g., typhoid and paratyphoid. These become enormous health problems especially in less developed nations particularly for patient of low age like children. The WHO recorded incidence of 16 to 33 million typhoid fever patients all over the world every year, with 3.85 deaths which project 0.5 to 0.6 million deaths. The current study was conducted in Public Health Laboratories Division, National Institute of Health (NIH) Islamabad”. Out of total 210 patients, 89 were found positive for Salmonella. typhi. Out of 89 (42%) positive samples, 47 (52.8%) belong to male and 42 (47.2%) to female. The current study was conducted in different sessions of 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th and showed nalidixic acid was the leading resistant drug. No significance was observed among antibiotics resistance with age and gender (P = 0.302, P≥0.05). The total of 30 samples showing resistant to Quinolones and were molecularly identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It is concluded that presence of gyrA and gyrB gene is the cause of nalidixic acid resistance in S. typhi and showed leading resistance.