常识形而上学与词汇语义学

Jerry R. Hobbs, W. Bruce Croft, Todd R. Davies, Douglas Edwards, K. Laws
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引用次数: 107

摘要

在塔西佗的项目中,运用常识知识来理解关于机械设备及其故障的文本,我们已经发展了各种常识性理论,这些理论需要在我们谈论这些设备行为的方式和它们运行的因果模型之间进行调解。在这一努力中,最重要的是可以被称为“常识形而上学”的公理化。这包括了几乎在每个话语领域中都存在的一些领域,比如标量概念、粒度、时间、空间、材料、物理对象、因果关系、功能、力和形状。我们研究词汇语义学的方法是构建这些领域的核心理论,然后根据这些核心理论提供的术语定义或至少描述大量词汇项目。在塔西佗体系中,解决文本所提出的语用学问题的过程将使用由这些理论组成的知识库,并结合文本中句子的逻辑形式来产生解释。在本文中,我们不强调这些解释过程;这是TACITUS计划的另一个重要方面,将在后续的论文中描述。
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Commonsense Metaphysics and Lexical Semantics
In the TACITUS project for using commonsense knowledge in the understanding of texts about mechanical devices and their failures, we have been developing various commonsense theories that are needed to mediate between the way we talk about the behavior of such devices and causal models of their operation. Of central importance in this effort is the axiomatization of what might be called "commonsense metaphysics". This includes a number of areas that figure in virtually every domain of discourse, such as scalar notions, granularity, time, space, material, physical objects, causality, functionality, force, and shape. Our approach to lexical semantics is then to construct core theories of each of these areas, and then to define, or at least characterize, a large number of lexical items in terms provided by the core theories. In the TACITUS system, processes for solving pragmatics problems posed by a text will use the knowledge base consisting of these theories in conjunction with the logical forms of the sentences in the text to produce an interpretation. In this paper we do not stress these interpretation processes; this is another, important aspect of the TACITUS project, and it will be described in subsequent papers.
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