自由自然主义和上帝

F. Ellis
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摘要

在我的《上帝、价值与自然》一书中,我为一种自由主义或广义自然主义辩护从当代英美哲学的角度来看,我的立场的自然主义维度是相当正统的,因为自然主义是占主导地位的纲领性方法,而且很明显,这就是我们应该做的为什么?因为这是避免超自然主义对立立场的形而上学和认识论困难的唯一途径。超自然主义涉及对奇怪实体和/或存在领域的假设——像非物质的灵魂、柏拉图式的形式和神圣的存在,所有这些都站在自然世界之外,不能被理解为自然世界的一部分自然主义者抗议说,没有办法解释这个超自然的领域是如何与我们平常熟悉的世界联系在一起的,我们如何获得它的知识也是同样的神秘,我们可以解释需要解释的东西,而不必绕这个有问题的形而上学的弯路。自然主义在这方面是反超自然主义的一种形式:自然
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Liberal naturalism and God
In my book God, Value, and Nature, I defend a form of liberal or expansive naturalism.1 The naturalist dimension of my position is pretty orthodox from the point of view of contemporary Anglo-American philosophy, for naturalism is the dominant programmatic approach, and it is made clear that this is what we ought to be.2 Why? Because it is the only way of avoiding the metaphysical and epistemological difficulties of the opposing supernaturalist position. Supernaturalism involves the postulation of weird entities and/or realms of being – things like immaterial souls, Platonic forms and divine beings, all of which stand outside the natural world, and cannot be understood to be a part of it.3 The naturalist protests that there is no way of explaining how this supernatural realm relates to our ordinary familiar world, that there is an equal mystery of how we gain knowledge of it, and that we can explain what needs to be explained without making this problematic metaphysical detour. Naturalism is a form of anti-supernaturalism in this respect: the natural
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