A new optimization technique to measure frequency and harmonics in power systems

This paper presents an optimization framework to estimate fundamental frequency and harmonics in power systems. The proposed technique includes a frequency tracking stage and a harmonic estimation layer. The architecture of the first layer which performs the frequency tracking task is based on the Newton and least-squares minimization techniques. The second layer extracts the frequency spectrum of the voltage/current waveform based on the descent search direction method which uses the estimated fundamental frequency by the previous stage. The simulation results in the MATLAB-Simulink prove faster estimation and more robust performance of the proposed technique in comparison with the three different methods which have been reviewed in this paper.