Load frequency control by integrating real-time price presentations for consumers and direct commands issued to generators and batteries

We propose a novel real-time pricing method for load frequency control in the grid when there is a lot of wind power. We adjust the electricity price for the owners of heat pump water heaters in addition to controlling batteries and thermal power plants at the same time. In our method, the uncertainty due to indirectly controlling electricity consumption through price presentation is compensated by issuing the direct commands to batteries and thermal power plants. Our numerical simulation demonstrates that power balance is achieved and the load frequency in the grid is kept within the permissible range when wind power generation fluctuates rapidly in a short period.