In-body and on-body wave propagation: Modeling and measurements

Biological medium surrounding an implanted device is characterized by a high dielectric permittivity and a loss factor. This fact results in a degradation of the electromagnetic signal by a strong wave reflection from the interface and refraction phenomena accompanied by the total internal reflection at the interface between the biological tissue and the air. Results of modeling and experimental investigations of electromagnetic waves propagating over the surface of a human body are also discussed. The results of numerical simulations of wave propagation parameters such as attenuation and phase velocity of the waves on the plane and curved surfaces are confirmed by measured data. Some examples of printed antennas for near field and far field implementation are considered. A miniature dipole antenna with SAW resonator was suggested and realized for wireless remote temperature monitoring.