增材制造CuCrZr中构造几何和孔隙率的影响

Anup Kulkarni, Vivek C. Peddiraju, S. Chatterjee, D. Srinivasan
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摘要

目前的工作是通过激光粉末床熔融(LPBF)技术了解Cu-Cr-Zr的微观结构和力学性能作为构建几何形状和构建方向的函数。在纵向(L)和横向(T)构建方向上,比较了打印(AP)和热处理(HT) LPBF Cu-Cr-Zr的孔隙率、微观结构和力学性能。在AP条件下,观察到不同孔隙率的零件相对密度为96-97%。结合光学和电子显微镜技术对AP微观结构进行了表征,结果表明AP微观结构呈层次结构,由2.5 ~ 100 μm的细胞亚结构(400 ~ 850 nm)和细胞内纳米级(20 ~ 60 nm)富集Cu和Zr的沉淀组成。与AP条件下的大多数材料不同,晶体织构缺失;然而,非常明显的河流样模式突出了LPBF Cu-Cr-Zr的新特征。在固溶和时效过程中,Cr析出物沿晶界(0.5 ~ 1.3 μm)呈非均匀形核,导致强度提高45%,塑性降低4 ~ 5%。在AP和HT条件下,沿横向的屈服强度比纵向的高10-16%。拉伸试样断口表面出现微孔洞、解理面和未熔化颗粒。尽管观察到缺陷,但整体力学性能与近致密(> 99%)样品的力学性能匹配良好,力学性能偏差小于10%。
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Effect of Build Geometry and Porosity in Additively Manufactured CuCrZr
The current work presents an understanding of microstructure and mechanical properties as a function of build geometry and build orientation in Cu-Cr-Zr via the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technique. Porosity, microstructure, and mechanical properties have been compared in the as-printed (AP) and heat treated (HT) LPBF Cu-Cr-Zr, between cylindrical and cube geometries, along the longitudinal (L) and transverse (T) build orientations. Varying porosity levels were observed that yielded parts with 96–97% relative density in the AP condition. The AP microstructure, characterized by a combination of optical and electron microscopic techniques, demonstrated a hierarchical microstructure, comprising of grains (2.5–100 μm) with a cellular substructure (400–850 nm) and intracellular nanoscale (20–60 nm) precipitates enriched in Cu and Zr. Unlike most materials in the AP condition, crystallographic texture was found to be absent; however, very distinct river like patterns highlighted a novel characteristic of the LPBF Cu-Cr-Zr. Upon solutionizing and aging, Cr precipitates were seen heterogeneously nucleating along cell boundaries (0.5–1.3 μm), causing up to 45% enhancement in the strength and a 4–5% lower ductility. The yield strength along the transverse orientation was 10–16% higher than that of longitudinal orientation, in both the AP and HT conditions. Fracture surface of the tensile samples exhibited micro-voids and cleavage facets and unmelted particles. In spite of the observed defects, the overall mechanical properties matched well with those obtained in nearly dense (> 99%) samples and the mechanical property debit was less than 10%.
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