Codestream level secure identification for JPEG 2000 images under various compression ratios

A secure identification scheme for JPEG 2000 code-streams is proposed in this paper. The aim is to securely identify JPEG 2000 images generated from the same original image, without decoding images. Features used for the identification are extracted from header parts in a JPEG 2000 codestream. The proposed scheme does not provide any false negative matches under various compression ratios, while most of image hashing-based schemes do not guarantee this performance. Existing identification schemes that do not provide any false negative matches can not be securely carried out. Due to such a situation, we propose an identification system based on a fuzzy commitment scheme, which is a well-known secure protocol for biometric template protection. Moreover, an error correction technique with 1-bit parity is considered to achieve the system. The experiment results show the proposed scheme is effective in terms of true positive matches, while keeping the security high.