Yevhen Nemanezhyn, G. Lvov, Yuriy Torba
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摘要

本文的主题是蠕变过程中的材料破坏现象,这是涡轮叶片在其运行条件下最危险和最具破坏性的影响之一。考虑到航空发动机和发电厂涡轮叶片的强度,请注意,蠕变过程中裂纹的机制在很大程度上是由于叶片晶体结构的特殊性和这些结构的性能。在世界技术发展的这个阶段,涡轮叶片主要采用单晶铸造和定向凝固的方法制造。这些类型的晶体结构以其性质的各向异性为特征。晶体具有各向异性的原因是它们之间相互作用中原子、分子或离子的有序排列以及原子间距离(以及一些不相关的直接关系,如极化或电导率)在不同方向上的不同。本文着重考虑了单晶结构各向异性合金的蠕变模型。确定理论材料模型的材料参数的自然方法是进行所需数量的基础实验。利用已知单晶蠕变特性的数值模拟是确定材料参数的另一种可能性。本文中描述的算法使我们能够确定单晶的所有平均蠕变特性。所述比率的参数既可以通过直接实验获得,也可以通过微观力学分析获得,如复合材料的情况。本文以单晶合金zs -32的蠕变曲线为例,通过对其蠕变曲线的近似,得到了单晶合金zs -32的一些特性。基于Norton-Bailey定律,利用现代计算系统Maple Release 2021.0,确定了最小蠕变变化率和蠕变常数,并绘制了蠕变变化率随材料荷载水平的变化曲线。
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Методика визначення характеристик сталої повзучості монокристалічного сплаву
The subject of this article is the phenomenon of material destruction during creep, as one of the most dangerous and damaging effects on turbine blades in the conditions of their operation. Considering the strength of the turbine blades of aircraft engines and power plants, note that the mechanism of cracks in the creep process is largely due to the peculiarities of the crystal structures of the blades and the properties of these structures. At this stage of development of world technologies, turbine blades are made by single crystal casting and directional solidification. These types of crystal structures are characterized by the anisotropy of their properties. The reason for the anisotropy of crystals is that the ordered arrangement of atoms, molecules, or ions in the interaction between them and the interatomic distances (as well as some unrelated direct relations, such as polarization or electrical conductivity) differ in different directions. The article pays special attention to the consideration of the creep model of an anisotropic alloy with a monocrystalline structure. The natural way to determine the material parameters of the theoretical material model is to conduct the required number of basic experiments. Numerical modeling using the known creep properties of single crystals is an alternative possibility to determine the parameters of the material. The algorithm described in this article allows us to determine all the average creep properties of a single crystal. The parameters of the described ratios can be obtained either because of direct experiments, or on the basis of micromechanical analysis, as in the case of composite materials. This article considers an example of obtaining some characteristics of the single-crystal alloy ZhS-32 because of the approximation of its creep curves, obtained experimentally. Based on Norton-Bailey's law and using the modern calculation system Maple Release 2021.0, the minimum creep deformation rate and creep constants are determined, and a graph of the creep deformation rate dependence on the material load level is plotted.
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