从思想到身体再到身体

Hicham Jakha
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摘要

毫无疑问,让哲学家们忙碌的最重要的问题之一,至少从古希腊开始,就是心灵的本质。多年来,来自不同领域的思想家一直在努力解决这个问题,他们提出了关于心灵及其本质的观点。在我们的当代时代,一种跨学科的人类思维方法已经出现,哲学不断补充,特别是神经生物学和认知科学在这个问题上的新视角。哲学在推动围绕它的辩论中所扮演的角色无疑是核心的,非哲学家也应该这样看待哲学。在最近出版的《剑桥元素》(Cambridge Elements)丛书中,珍妮特·莱文(Janet Levin)汇集了试图回答心理问题的最重要的当代理论。在她的书《心灵的形而上学》(2022)中,她承认围绕心灵的形而上学问题应该与认识论和道德问题区分开来。在考虑到认识论和道德问题对心灵形而上学的影响时,莱文主要关注形而上学问题。
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From Mind to Body and Back
Without doubt, one of the most important questions that has kept philosophers busy, at least ever since the ancient Greeks, is the nature of the mind. Grappling with this question for ages, thinkers from various fields of inquiry have put forward their views concerning the mind and its nature. An interdisciplinary approach to the human mind has emerged in our contemporary era, where philosophy continuously supplements, inter alia, neurobiology and cognitive science with fresh perspectives on this issue. Philosophy’s role in advancing the debate surrounding it has certainly been central, and should be regarded as so by nonphilosophers as well. In a work recently published as part of the Cambridge Elements series, Janet Levin brings together the most important contemporary theories that attempt to answer the question of the mental. In her book, The Metaphysics of Mind (2022), she acknowledges that the metaphysical questions surrounding the mind should be distinguished from the epistemological and moral ones. While taking into consideration the implications of the epistemological and moral questions for the metaphysics of mind, Levin focuses primarily on the metaphysical questions.
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