海洋的物理学和动力学

H. Dolman
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引用次数: 0

摘要

这一章的重点是海洋的物理和动力学。它描述了盐度和表面温度的变化,以及海洋的垂直温度结构,温跃层将变化的顶层与更深的海洋分开。然后描述了海洋中的主要力量,以及由于科里奥利力和密度差异造成的地转平衡。导出了速度随深度变化的方程,即埃克曼流。阐明了正压流和斜压流,揭示了海洋环流、环流及其涡度对环流结构的影响。描述了具有表层流和返回深海流的海洋热盐环流。接下来,使用一个简单的模型来显示盐度如何与热盐流相互作用。最后,作为海陆相互作用的一个例子,描述了El Niño现象。
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Physics and Dynamics of the Oceans
This chapter focuses on the physics and dynamics of the ocean. It describes the variability of salinity and surface temperature, as well as the vertical temperature structure of the ocean, with the thermocline separating the variable top layer from the deeper ocean. It then describes the key forces in the ocean, as well as the geostrophic balance due to the Coriolis force and density differences. It derives the equations for the change of velocity with depth, the Ekman flow. Barotropic flow and baroclinic flow are elucidated and the general circulation of the ocean, with gyres and the effect of vorticity on their structure, is shown. The thermohaline circulation of the ocean with surface flow and returning deep ocean flows is described. Next, a simple model is used to show how salinity interacts with the thermohaline flow. Finally, as an example of ocean–land interaction, the El Niño phenomenon is described.
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