Bis in idem by Joint Implementation of Penal and Administrative Legislation

The complete separation of administrative and criminal law was achieved in the 1950s and 1960s. Thus, administrative legislation is liberated from the limitations of criminal law. Presently the former’s achievements question the rule of law by combining administrative and criminal responsibility, corporate liability, and collateral consequences of criminal conviction. Law is a unitary system and its division into branches shouldn’t create possibilities for breaking its principles.