Validation of Small-Scale Chemistry Experiments Developed Using Low-Cost Materials

Traditional laboratory chemistry experiments are often constrained by cost.Alternatively, the researcher developed a General Chemistry Laboratory Moduleof Small-Scale Experiments that can be performed individually by tertiaryfreshmen at lesser expense. It includes five experiments aligned with the Trendsin International Mathematics and Science Study TIMSS’ topics in Chemistry;hence, also offers public secondary schools the prospect of extensive chemistrylaboratory capability that can upgrade their performance in the TIMSS’assessment in science. A non-equivalent pretest-posttest control group design wasused to investigate the effects of small-scale and traditional chemistry experimentson achievement, conceptual understanding and level of participation of theexperimental and control groups respectively. Validated and reliability-testedmultiple-choice tests measured achievement while concept maps with very stronginter-rater reliability assessed conceptual understanding. The experimental group showed greater percent gain in achievement and conceptual understanding, and a strong association between the variables. The independent t-test found nosignificant difference between experimental and control groups in achievementand conceptual understanding but the level of participation scored through aresearcher-made rubric gave a higher average for the experimental group. Onthe basis of achievement, conceptual understanding, and level of participation, small-scale chemistry experiments were found to be appropriate substitutes fortraditional laboratory experiments - pedagogically effective with added values ofbeing environment-friendly and cheap. Keywords: Chemical education, small-scale achievement, conceptual understanding,level of participation, non-equivalent pretest-posttest control group design,Philippines