‘Is there anything I can do to train my memory?’ The rationale and evidence behind cognitive training as an intervention to promote healthy ageing

As clinical psychologists working with older adults, we are all likely familiar with the above question, both in memory services and those who do not have a diagnosed cognitive problem. In the context of an ageing population, much research has been focused on the development of cognitive training as an intervention to promote healthy ageing. Defining what it means to age healthily, however, can be problematic, particularly given the heterogeneity evidenced in studies of normative cognitive functioning in older people. Furthermore, although different cognitive training methods appear to have face value, the evidence base for the effectiveness of cognitive training is mixed, and has, to date, provided conflicting results. This article discusses the findings of major research studies in this area, and possible future directions of research are considered.