Analyzing Co-occurrence Patterns of Nonverbal Behaviors in Collaborative Learning

In collaborative learning, participants work on the learning task together. In this environment, linguistic information via speech as well as non-verbal information such as gaze and writing actions are important elements. It is expected that integrating the information from these behaviors will contribute to assessing the learning activity and characteristics of each participant in a more objective manner. With the objective of characterizing participants in the collaborative learning activity, this study analyzed the verbal and nonverbal behaviors and found that the gaze behaviors of individual participants and those between the participants provides useful information in distinguishing a leader of the group, one who follows the leader, or one who attends to other participants who do not appear to understand.