Bounds of mmWave-Based Ranging and Positioning with Massive Uniform Rectangular Array

This paper aims at investigating the feasibility of ranging and positioning in millimeter (mm)-level accuracy by adopting millimeter-wave and 3D massive antenna array. The agent is equipped with massive phased uniform rectangular array (URA) and multiple anchors are considered in localization networks to pursue a higher accuracy, where a far-field environment is assumed for phased massive URA. Fundamental limits of both time-based ranging and positioning are derived by Crámer-Rao bound (CRB), where the relationship between the fundamental bound of range estimation and that of position estimation is theoretically clarified. Numerical results show that the proposed scenario achieves a precise mm-level accuracy for ranging and positioning.