乌克兰预防和防治土地洪水的法律规定

M. Deineha
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摘要

由于全球变暖、水体管制过度、径流中断、排水系统功能不理想或完全缺乏、森林面积减少,乌克兰将无法避免与土地洪水有关的问题。水的有害影响是由全球因素(如变暖和冰川融化)和区域特征(即水体之间的水交换系统、降水和河流流量的变化)引起的。土地洪水是一种无法完全预防的现象。然而,人类活动增加了其发生的可能性和影响。由于气候变化,洪水的风险和造成的破坏程度以及对受影响者的健康和社会经济状况的影响将继续增加。河流管理不足、淡水易发地区的建设以及居住在这些地区的人口不断增长,进一步加剧了土地洪水的影响。乌克兰已经采取了适当步骤,在国家立法中执行预防和防治土地洪水领域的国际法令的规定。然而,国家计划在指定地区的实施质量仍有待提高,因为不幸的是,大多数措施都没有得到实施。如果不遵守一定数量的措施,就会造成土地泛滥的高度危险,从而使人民和国民经济遭受数百万美元的损失。
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Legal provision of prevention and combating land flooding in Ukraine
Due to global warming, overregulation of water bodies, disruption of water runoff, unsatisfactory functioning or complete absence of drainage systems, reduction of forest areas, Ukraine will not avoid the problems related to land flooding. The harmful effects of water are caused by both global factors, such as warming and melting of glaciers, and regional features, namely the system of water exchange between water bodies, changes in precipitation and river flow. Land flooding is a phenomenon that cannot be completely prevented. However, human activity increases its probability and impact. The risk of flooding and the extent of damage caused, as well as the impact on the health and socio-economic situation of those affected, will continue to increase because of climate change. Inadequate river management, construction in freshet-prone areas, and the growing population living in these areas further exacerbate the effects of land flooding. Ukraine has already taken appropriate steps to implement the provisions of international acts in the field of preventing and combating land flooding in national legislation. However, the quality of implementation of national programs in the defined area leaves much to be desired, as most of the measures, unfortunately, are not implemented. Failure to comply with measures in certain amounts creates high risks of land flooding, as a result of which the population and the national economy suffer multimillion-dollar losses.
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