Diabetes, Obesity and Atherosclerosis: Three Buds of One Stem MS-X

Ideally insulin and leptin signaling share a common route and ditch each other depending on their surge in their affected physiological state. As a result, insulin and leptin resistances are simultaneous phenomena and no matter to induce other while the one is precipitated. Thus, the preponderance of running obesity and type-2 diabetes hand to hand is deeply expected. The (Figure 2) shows the common signaling road of both the ligands. Report shows that obesity reduces tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor [12]. This affects insulin signaling and hence initiates insulin resistance. On the other hand, report also shows an association of insulin and LDL receptors [12-15] and this association keeps LDL receptor non-functional [12-15] making the system prone to vessel LDL accumulation. Yadav et al. has shown a decrease of LDL receptor mRNA level with increase of leptin concentration as well as two receptor association [14]. Repressed LDL receptor will reduce LDL clearance from blood vessels and the receptor-complex will keep receptors non-functional with concomitant Crimson Publishers Wings to the Research Mini Review