切尔诺贝利事故后遥远时期乌克兰人口癌症发病率

A.Ye. Prysyazhniuk, D. Bazyka, N.A. Hudzenko, M. Fuzik, N. Trotsiuk, N. Babkina, O. Khukhrianska, S. A. Danevych
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引用次数: 1

摘要

对受切尔诺贝利事故影响的人群的癌症发病率进行了研究。对人口状况的分析表明,与预期寿命增加的西欧国家不同,乌克兰的预期寿命指数在2005-2006年显著下降,2006-2019年增长缓慢。当然,这种情况可能会影响癌症的发病率,因为恶性肿瘤的最高风险正是在老年人。目标:确定乌克兰因切尔诺贝利事故而暴露于辐射的人群在事故后遥远时期发生恶性肿瘤的频率和风险。材料和方法。这项研究是在长期监测受害者群体恶性肿瘤的基础上进行的- - 1986-1987年的清理工人、从隔离区撤离的人、受放射性核素污染最严重的领土的居民。结果。在清理事故后果(placc)的参与者中,甲状腺癌的发病率明显超过预期水平——4.5倍,撤离者——3.8倍,受放射性核素污染地区的居民——1.3倍。在事故发生后的头几年,受污染地区居民的白血病和淋巴瘤发病率急剧上升,但在接下来的几年中下降,不超过基辅和日托米尔地区以及整个乌克兰的水平。在一项乌克兰-美国联合分析流行病学病例对照研究中,1986-2006年在清理工人中证实了剂量依赖的白血病过度相对危险度(ERR/Gy),并确定为2.38(0.49-5.87)水平。1986-1987年,只有女性乳腺癌发病率明显高于全国水平。1994-2019年,SIR为156.3% (95% CI: 141.0-171.5)。结论。由于不同形式的放射相关恶性肿瘤的潜伏期可能很长,因此不仅应特别注意上述的疾病形式,还应注意其他部位的癌症。
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Cancer incidence in the population of Ukraine in remote period after the Chornobyl accident
There is performed a study of cancer incidence in the population affected by the Chornobyl accident. Analysis of demography situation has shown that unlike Western European countries with increasing life expectancy this index was notably decreased in Ukraine in 2005–2006 with slow growth during 2006–2019. Certainly this circumstance may influence on cancer incidence rate because the highest risk of malignant tumours is just in elderly age. Goal: to determine the frequency and risk of malignant neoplasms in groups of the population of Ukraine that were exposed to radiation as a result of the Chоrnobyl accident in the remote post-accident period. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of long-term monitoring of malignant tumours in the groups of victims – clean-up workers of 1986–1987, evacuees from the exclusion zone, residents of the territories most heavily contaminated with radionuclides. Results. There was a significant excess of the expected level of incidence of thyroid cancer among the participants in liquidation of the accident consequences (PLAC) - 4.5 times, evacuees - 3.8 times, residents of territories contaminated with radionuclides - 1.3 times. Leukaemia and lymphoma incidence rate in residents of contaminated territories increased sharply in the first years after the accident but decreased in the next years and not exceeded the level if Kyiv and Zhytomyr regions and Ukraine at whole. In a joint Ukrainian-American analytical epidemiological case-control study dose dependent excess relative risk of leukaemia (ERR/Gy) was proved in clean-up workers and defined at level 2.38 (0.49–5.87) in 1986–2006. A significant excess of the national level of incidence of breast cancer was determined only in women - PLAC in 1986–1987. In 1994–2019 SIR was 156.3% (95% CI: 141.0–171.5). Conclusions. Because latency period for different forms of radiation related malignancies might be very long further special attention should be paid not only to nosological forms mentioned above but also to cancers of the other sites.
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