La régulation des mouvements trans-frontières de déchets. Un dispositif à consolider

Following nasty affairs of wastes exports toward developing countries, international agreements (notably the Basel Convention) have been passed to try to regulate the international movements. A statistical overview (for the year 1998) of the official movements is given, but other traffics are existing and are very difficult to estimate. Some factors explain these exchanges and traffics, then the vulnerability of some countries; the waste movements generally follow the economic and social “slopes” (the “differentials”) between countries. More precisely, how to discover these traffics? What is the risk for the offender? The monitoring of the plan or the command-and-control process has to be improved. Moreover some legal aspects have to be clarified. Affairs (since 1990) and cases of substances and products are briefly reminded. More globally the requirements for a more effective regulation are brought into question.