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引用次数: 8
摘要
本文以衰老与认知的支架理论(STAC)为中心,对认知衰老研究进行了综述,该理论汇集了过去一个世纪以来许多关于认知衰老的研究,并为未来的工作提出了方向。从Santiago Ramon y Cajal的显微镜和天才的绘画,到今天的研究人员使用心理学和神经生物学的方法和技术,特别是神经成像技术,如功能磁共振成像(fMRI)、sMRI、PET等,从认知储备、去分化、补偿、半球不对称、抑制和神经传递,到衰老和认知的脚手架理论,都取得了巨大的进步。1990年之前,研究几乎完全是行为学的,但神经影像学的出现促进了研究,并催生了一个名为认知神经科学的新领域,该领域将行为和神经生物学方法结合起来,研究大脑衰老过程中的结构和功能变化。在回顾了现有关于认知衰老研究的文献后,作者得出结论,尽管脚手架理论汇集了大量的工作和思想,但它还不是研究人员的单一统一理论。然而,它确实代表了朝着这个理论迈出的一大步。
From Neuroplasticity to Scaffolding: A Giant Step for Cognitive Aging Research?
This paper is a review of cognitive aging research centred on the Scaffolding Theory of Aging and Cognition (STAC), a theory which brings together much of the previous research into cognitive aging over the past century and suggests directions for future work. From Santiago Ramon y Cajal, with his microscope and talented drawings, to today’s researchers with psychological and neurobiological methods and technology, particularly neuroimaging techniques, such as fMRI, sMRI, PET, etc., enormous progress has been made, through cognitive reserve, dedifferentiation, compensation, hemispherical asymmetry, inhibition and neurotransmission, to the Scaffolding theory of aging and cognition and beyond. Prior to 1990, research was almost entirely behavioural, but the advent of neuroimaging has boosted research and given rise to a new domain known as cognitive neuroscience, combining behavioural and neurobiological approaches to investigate structural and functional changes in the aging brain. Having reviewed the existing literature on cognitive aging research, the author concludes that although the scaffolding theory brings together a significant body of work and ideas, it is not yet the single, unifying theory for researchers. However, it does represent a giant step toward that theory.