YOLOv5-GE Vehicle Detection Algorithm Integrating Global Attention Mechanism

Vehicle detection is an important technology in au-tonomous driving, for which high detection accuracy and real-time performance are often required. The YOLOv5-GE vehicle detection algorithm is proposed to address the situation that the YOLOv5 vehicle detection model has false detection and missed detection for small and dense targets in complex environments. The global attention mechanism is added to the backbone net-work of the YOLOOv5 model, which is composed of two inde-pendent submodules of channel attention and convolutional spa-tial attention, which prevents the loss of information to a certain extent and amplifies the interaction of global dimensions. Second-ly, the training process is optimized using the Focal-EloU loss function to replace the GloU loss function, which improves the accuracy of vehicle detection. Finally, the proposed YOLOv5-GE algorithm and the YOLOv5 algorithm are subjected to a con-trolled experiment on the KITTI dataset. The experimental re-sults show that the YOLOv5-GE algorithm achieves an average accuracy of 86% while maintaining real-time performance, which is 2.5% higher than that of the YOLOv5 algorithm, and can im-prove the detection accuracy of small and dense targets in com-plex environments.