Theory of Mind

Recent research on theory of mind (ToM) provides insights into challenges to learning and cognition in both children and adults. This chapter reviews the literature on ToM in general, focusing on the areas of difference from the viewpoint of ToM as a way to understand the challenges to learning and cognition in deaf and hard-of-hearing learners. Deaf and hard-of-hearing people demonstrate similar abilities to those with typical hearing across several cognitive tasks, including, but not limited to, imagination, creativity, and long-term memory. Differences exist, however, in the domains of visual-spatial processing, short-term memory, and executive functioning. These similarities and differences have implications for learning and cognitive development as they interact with ToM concepts. Concepts explored include, but are not limited to, language, affect, social experiences, the role of the family and the environment, learning, and reading.